Immunoinformatic prediction of the pathogenicity of bovine viral diarrhea virus genotypes: implications for viral virulence determinants, designing novel diagnostic assays and vaccines development

Introduction Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) significantly impacts the bovine industries, both dairy and beef sectors. BVDV can infect various domestic wild animals, most notably cattle. The dynamic variations among serotypes due to continuous genetic diversity, especially in BVDV1 (BVDV1), reduce effectiveness of currently available vaccines specificity/sensitivity diagnostic assays. development novel, safe, effective against requires deep knowledge antigenicity virulence virus. Previous studies on have been mainly focused one or a few proteins. While however, little is known about orchestration all context immunogenicity. main aim current study was do comparative computational evaluation immunogenicity, for encoded proteins BVDV2 their sub-genotypes. Methods To achieve this goal, 11,737 protein sequences were retrieved from Virus Pathogen Resource. analysis involved total 4,583 after removal short those with unknown collection time. We used MP3 tool map pathogenic across different strains. potential protective epitope motifs predicted using VaxiJen EMBOSS antigen tools, respectively. Results discussion prediction revealed that NS4B likely essential roles virulence. Similarly, capsid (C) NS4-A N pro P7 are important virulent factors. There clear trend increasing progression time case proteins, but not Most two possess antigens immunogens except , P7, NS4B. However, higher than BVDV2. Meanwhile, immunogenicity immunodominant-E2 has decreasing over Based our pathogenicity serotypes, sub-genotypes (1a, 1f, 1k, 2a, 2b) may represent ideal candidates future infection In summary, we identified some common differences between genotypes (BVDV1 BVDV2) regarding pathogenicity. data presented here will increase understanding molecular pathogenesis It also pave way developing novel assays near future.